Impact of school breakfast programmes

This project will investigate the impact of free breakfast schemes on children’s well-being and academic outcomes in English primary schools.

Why this project is important

School breakfast schemes have been delivered in England via different initiatives and charities for at least 30 years. Since 2018 the National School Breakfast Programme has subsidised breakfast in schools with a high proportion of pupils from deprived neighbourhoods. The current government has announced its intention to expand breakfast provision to all pupils in primary school. However, it’s unclear which form of breakfast provision will be chosen and which is optimal.

What it will involve

Since there is no centralised database of school breakfast provision, the research team will utilise data from three major providers of breakfast provision in England: Magic Breakfast, the Greggs Foundation, and the National School Breakfast Programme. This will be linked to data from:

• the National Pupil Database (absences, punctuality, attainment, and child development);
• the National Child Measurement Programme (body weight); and
• Understanding Society (children’s social emotional behaviour, mental health, and parent’s financial situation and labour market participation).

To analyse the impact of breakfast programmes on key outcomes, analysis will exploit the roll-out of free school breakfast schemes across schools over time, comparing the outcomes of children within schools who were early and late adopters of free breakfast provision.

How it will make a difference

Findings from this work will be informative for key stakeholders, including organisations providing school breakfasts, policymakers, and campaign groups. It will provide evidence on the benefits of different forms of breakfast provision (e.g. grab n’ go versus a before-school club), in different types of schools and for different groups of children. It will therefore help determine optimal ways for breakfast provision to be implemented and indicate whether supplementary policies might be required to shift some of the targeted outcomes.

The research team will leverage the relationships and networks developed during their previous Nuffield-funded project on the Impact of Universal Free School Meals.